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微地震监测 5

DX桩 4

压裂 3

模型试验 3

三峡升船机 2

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低渗透 2

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure layered cavity expansion theory triaxial fracturing test cohesive soil

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling hydraulic fracturing test fracturing pressure fracture dip unconfined compressive strength slurry viscosity

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低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 65-69

摘要：

针对高压低渗透油藏渗透率低、孔隙度小的特点，在压裂改造时进行裂缝监测，根据监测出的裂缝方位（方向）、裂缝长度、裂缝的高度（范围）和产状以及地下主应力的方向，为下步布井和井网调整提供了依据。2008年以来，现河地区已成功实施裂缝监测79井次，为低渗透油藏的高效开发提供了有力支持。

关键词：裂缝监测低渗透压裂

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam path dependence creep calibration cracking hydraulic fracturing hazard

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第三沉降带应力场研究

闫治涛,刘建中,邱金平, 金丽华

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 33-35

摘要：

介绍了第三沉降带的分布，监测得出的大量人工裂缝方向数据及由人工裂缝方向数据统计得出的最大水平主应力方向。结果表明，第三沉降带由北向南绵延１５００ km，最大水平主应力方向大体稳定，分布在５５°～７５° NE范围，多为６５° NE。由监测结果可以判断，第三沉降带的构造应力方向是南亚板块及菲律宾板块共同作用的结果。

关键词：微地震法人工裂缝监测第三沉降带最大水平主应力方向压裂施工

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煤层气开发压裂技术在沁水煤田的实践与应用

侯景龙,刘志东,刘建中

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第1期页码 89-92

摘要：

针对煤层气特点以及开发过程中压裂工艺技术存在的问题，研究了一项以套管注入、高排量、活性水携砂为主的煤层气清水压裂配套工艺技术。该技术在山西沁水盆地SH煤田现场应用实践了6口井，并获得成功，压后正处于排水阶段，出气效果明显。

关键词：煤层气节理吸附清水压裂

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山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 16-19

摘要：

介绍了在山西沁水盆地煤层气压裂时监测到的压裂施工的横向效应，监测使用微地震方法。发现沿人工裂缝法向方向的邻井在施工时出现气量减少、枯竭、出水等反应，沿人工裂缝走向方向的邻井反应滞后。这一发现使笔者注意到煤层气压裂施工的横向挤压作用可能即时影响邻井产量，压裂设计时应该注意到这一反应的不良影响。

关键词：煤层气裂缝水力压裂

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微地震监测技术探究

唐春华,顾广庆

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 95-99

摘要：

微地震监测是地球物理学中的一个重要研究方向，它在油田勘探开采等众多领域有广泛的应用。从微地震的形成机理出发，介绍了微地震的发展历程。重点讨论了微地震监测系统的重要组成部分、关键技术和微地震监测的具体实施，最后讨论了微地震未来的发展与趋势。

关键词：微地震监测水力压裂石油天然气信噪比事件定位

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Test investigation on hydraulic losses in the discharge passage of an axial-flow pump

QIU Baoyun, CAO Haihong, JIANG Wei, GAO Zhaohui, WANG Fei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 50-56 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0008-8

摘要： In a discharge passage with a guide blade discharge circulation and secondary flow because of bend pipe, the flow in a 1-channel discharge passage of an axial flow pump is a complicated spiral flow. For a 2-channel passage, the discharge in the left channel is bigger than that in the right, and the passage hydraulic losses are abnormal. In this study, the section current energy of the passage is accurately measured and determined with a 5-hole probe. The hydraulic loss characteristics are determined and analyzed. The methods deducing the hydraulic losses are investigated. The results indicate that the passage hydraulic losses are not proportional to the flow discharge. Compared with a circular pipe, the hydraulic losses of a divergent discharge passage are smaller and the pump assembly efficiency is 10% 30% higher. As for the 1-channel passage, the axial-flow pump outlet circulation is usually too big; the passage hydraulic losses are also big, but a small circulation can slightly reduce hydraulic losses. As for the 2-channel passage, discharges in the two channels are not equal and the hydraulic losses increase. The outlet guide blade with a small discharge circulation or without circulation could reduce discharge passage hydraulic losses and increase pump assembly efficiency by 6% 11%.

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Key problems and solutions in supercritical CO

Haizhu WANG, Gensheng LI, Bin ZHU, Kamy SEPEHRNOORI, Lujie SHI, Yong ZHENG, Xiaomei SHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 667-672 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0626-y

摘要： Supercritical CO fracturing is considered to be a new method for efficient exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas, coal bed methane, and tight sand stone gas. Supercritical CO has many special properties including low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient, and lack of surface tension, which brings about great advantages for fracturing. However, these properties also cause several problems, such as difficulty in proppant transportation, high friction loss, and high pump displacement. In this paper, the above problems were analyzed by combining field test with laboratory study and specific solutions to these problems are given. The high frictionloss in the pipeline could be reduced by developing a new drag reducing agent and selecting large-size casing. Besides, for the problem of poor capacity in proppant carrying and sand plug, the methods of adding tackifier into supercritical CO , increasing pump displacement and selecting ultra-low density proppants are proposed. Moreover, for the problem of fast leak-off and high requirement for pump displacement, the displacement can be increased or the pad fluid can be injected into the reservoir. After solving the above three problems, the field test of supercritical CO fracturing can be conducted. The research results can promote the industrialization process of supercritical CO fracturing.

关键词： supercritical CO₂ fracturing friction loss proppant carrying flied test problem

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页岩气网络设计与运行之间的相互作用，包括CO₂固存

Sharifzadeh Mahdi, Xingzhi Wang, Nilay Shah

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第2期页码 244-256 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.02.007

摘要：

随着能源需求的持续增长，作为非常规甲烷源（CH ₄）的页岩气显示出巨大的商业化潜力。但是，由于页岩气储层的渗透率极低，因此可能需要按顺序进行特殊程序，例如水平钻井，水力压裂，定期关井和注入二氧化碳（CO ₂）以提高天然气产量，最大程度地提高经济效益，并确保安全和无害环境的运营。尽管对此新兴技术进行了深入研究，但许多研究人员仅在孤立地研究页岩气设计和运营决策。实际上，这些决定是高度互动的，应该同时考虑。因此，本研究中解决的研究问题包括设计与运营决策之间的相互作用。在本文中，我们首先建立了页岩气藏的全物理模型。接下来，我们对重要设计和操作决策进行敏感性分析，例如井长，井眼布置，裂缝数量，裂缝距离，CO ₂注入速率和闭井调度，以获取增产效果。对页岩气网络复杂行为的深入见解。结果表明，页岩气产量最高的情况不一定是最有利可图的设计。钻探，压裂和CO ₂注入对这项技术的经济可行性具有重大影响。尤其是，由于成本高昂，除非使用CO ₂减税或补贴，否则使用CO ₂的增强气体回收（EGR）似乎不具有商业竞争力。隔离。研究还发现，设计和运营决策之间的相互作用非常重要，这些决策应同时进行优化。

关键词：页岩气，水力压裂，调度，完井，CO ₂隔离，同时优化

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Enhancing fatigue life of cylinder-crown integrated structure by optimizing dimension

Weiwei ZHANG,Xiaosong WANG,Zhongren WANG,Shijian YUAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第1期页码 102-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0329-y

摘要：

Cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press (CCIHP) is a new press structure. The hemispherical hydraulic cylinder also functions as a main portion of crown, which has lower weight and higher section modulus compared with the conventional hydraulic cylinder and press crown. As a result, the material strength capacity is better utilized. During the engineering design of cylinder-crown integrated structure, in order to increase the fatigue life, structural optimization on the basis of the adaptive macro genetic algorithms (AMGA) is first conducted to both reduce weight and decrease peak stress. It is shown that the magnitude of the maximum principal stress is decreased by 28.6%, and simultaneously the total weight is reduced by 4.4%. Subsequently, strain-controlled fatigue test is carried out, and the stress-strain hysteresis loops and cyclic hardening curve are obtained. Based on linear fit, the fatigue properties are calculated and used for the fatigue life prediction. It is shown that the predicted fatigue life is significantly increased from 157000 to 1070000 cycles after structural optimization. Finally, according to the optimization design, a 6300 kN CCIHP has been manufactured, and priority application has been also suggested.

关键词： cylinder-crown integrated hydraulic press (CCIHP) adaptive macro genetic algorithms (AMGA) strain-controlled fatigue test

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Multiobjective trajectory optimization of intelligent electro-hydraulic shovel

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0706-2

摘要： Multiobjective trajectory planning is still face challenges due to certain practical requirements and multiple contradicting objectives optimized simultaneously. In this paper, a multiobjective trajectory optimization approach that sets energy consumption, execution time, and excavation volume as the objective functions is presented for the electro-hydraulic shovel (EHS). The proposed cubic polynomial S-curve is employed to plan the crowd and hoist speed of EHS. Then, a novel hybrid constrained multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition is proposed to deal with this constrained multiobjective optimization problem. The normalization of objectives is introduced to minimize the unfavorable effect of orders of magnitude. A novel hybrid constraint handling approach based on -constraint and the adaptive penalty function method is utilized to discover infeasible solution information and improve population diversity. Finally, the entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution method is used to select the most satisfied solution from the Pareto optimal set. The performance of the proposed strategy is validated and analyzed by a series of simulation and experimental studies. Results show that the proposed approach can provide the high-quality Pareto optimal solutions and outperforms other trajectory optimization schemes investigated in this article.

关键词： trajectory planning electro-hydraulic shovel cubic polynomial S-curve multiobjective optimization entropy weight technique

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祼孔长水平井苏75-70-6H连续压裂微地震监测

王万迅,叶连池,王立治,段正中

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 4-7

摘要：

苏75-70-6H井是依靠国产技术完成的规模最大的裸孔水平井压裂井，水平段南北走向。微地震监测给出了每段压裂裂缝是否形成及形成位置、形态，指导压裂施工继续进行；监测出压裂液漏泄段，预警出现砂堵的可能；保证了压裂施工的成功，证明了国产井下工具完全可以实现多段压裂改造。监测结果准确反映指导了压裂施工过程。

关键词：压裂微地震监测裂缝

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水平井压裂裂缝监测与分析

刘建中,张传绪,赵艳波,蒋玉双,宋健兴

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 60-64

摘要：

水平井可以在不太厚的油层中增大钻井过油层范围，实现高速注、采，提高产量。有些水平井需要压裂，因此常常需要了解并控制人工裂缝形态、方位。通过微地震人工裂缝监测，研究已有的水平井压裂结果，特别是钻井水平段大体沿最大水平主应力方向的水平井压裂，了解压裂裂缝形成的机制及控制方式。通过比较，进一步提高水平井钻井水平及控缝理论。

关键词：水平井压裂裂缝微地震监测